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应用莫惠栋最新提出的p+q+2pq交配设计及其分析方法,研究84个玉米杂交组合及其13个亲本的株型、穗型、粒型等14个性状的遗传机制。结果表明:株高、叶夹角、穗长、穗粗、秃尖、结实长、穗行数、行粒数、容重、子粒长、子粒厚11个性状的遗传符合加性-显性模型,穗粗、穗行数、容重、子粒长、子粒厚以加性效应为主;穗位、百粒重、子粒宽的遗传符合加性-显性-上位性模型,其中子粒宽以上位性效应为主;除容重、子粒厚外,各性状的显性方向为正向显性;除子粒宽、子粒厚外,各性状还受到细胞质效应的影响;狭义遗传力排序为子粒长>子粒宽>容重>穗行数>穗粗>子粒厚>百粒重>株高>穗位>叶夹角>穗长>秃尖>结实长>行粒数。
Using the newly proposed p + q +2 pq mating design and its analytical method proposed by Mo Huidong, the genetic mechanisms of 14 traits such as plant type, panicle type and grain type in 84 maize hybrid combinations and their 13 parents were studied. The results showed that the heredity of eleven traits including plant height, leaf angle, ear length, ear diameter, bald tip, solid length, ear number, row grain number, bulk density, grain length and grain thickness conformed to the additive- Ear width, ear row number, bulk density, grain length and grain thickness were mainly additive effects. The inheritance of ear position, grain weight and grain width was consistent with additive-dominance-epistasis model. Except for the gravimetric and grain thickness, the dominant direction of each trait was positive dominance. In addition to the wide grain and thick grain, the traits were also affected by the cytoplasmic effect; narrow heritability ranked as grain length> grain width> Bulk density> Ear row number> Ear diameter> Grain thickness> 100 kernel weight> Plant height> Ear position> Leaf angle> Ear length> Bald tip>