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本文旨在通过对贝克特创作于二战期间的小说《瓦特》的分析与阐释来揭示作者对曾经被神化了的理性 ,即语言“意义”的深刻反思。传统的语言观把语言视为再现世界万事万物 ,描摹自然的一面镜子 ,然而 ,在《瓦特》中 ,这面镜子却无可挽回地破碎了。主人公瓦特为了寻求生存意义 ,来到诺特家做佣人。瓦特试图用他的理性和语言来解释他在那里所感知的一切 ,可是越解释越使他陷入茫然 ,因为对他来说 ,语言与现实世界不能统一。贝克特借助这部小说对语言能否真实、清晰地表现客观世界提出了质疑 ,深刻反映了现代人在认识自我、认识世界时永远无法摆脱的困惑 ,进而揭示出二战期间西方社会人的信仰危机导致的认知危机和语言表征危机。
The purpose of this paper is to reveal the author’s deep reflection on the once deified reason, the “meaning” of language, through the analysis and interpretation of Beckett’s novel “Watts”, which was written during World War II. The traditional linguistic view regards language as a mirror that reproduces everything in the world and depicts nature. However, in the “Watt,” the mirror is irretrievably broken. In order to find the meaning of survival, the hero Watt came to Nott House as a servant. Watt tried to explain everything he perceived there in his reason and in the language, but the more interpretations the more he was dazed, for the language was not unified with the real world. Using this novel, Beckett questioned whether language can truly and clearly express the objective world and profoundly reflected the confusion that the modern people can never escape when they know and recognize the world, and then reveal the crisis of belief in the Western society during World War II The resulting cognitive crisis and linguistic crisis.