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目的为了解在医院出生新生儿首剂乙型肝炎疫苗(Hepatitis B Vaccine,HepB1)及时接种状况和未及时接种原因,探讨新生儿及时接种HepB1的对策。方法根据报告接种率和估算接种率,抽样调查云南省昭通市和西双版纳傣族自治州,2007年在医院出生新生儿的HepB1接种情况。结果在医院出生新生儿HepB1平均及时接种率为67.19%,在县级医院出生新生儿的HepB1及时接种率(93.07%),高于在乡级卫生院出生的新生儿(50.99%)。在医院出生新生儿未及时接种HepB1的原因,以早产儿、低体重、新生儿窒息和疫苗短缺为主。结论正确把握接种禁忌证和保证乡级卫生院的HepB供应,是提高医院出生新生儿HepB1及时接种的关键。
Objective To investigate the timely inoculation of Hepatitis B Vaccine (HepB1) and neonatal inoculation in neonates born in hospital and to explore the countermeasures of timely inoculation of HepB1 in neonates. Methods According to the reported inoculation rate and estimated vaccination rate, we investigated the HepB1 inoculation of neonates born in hospitals in Zhaotong City of Yunnan Province and Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in 2007. Results The average timely vaccination rate of HepB1 was 67.19%. The timely vaccination rate of HepB1 was 93.07% in newborns in county hospitals, which was higher than that of newborns born in township hospitals (50.99%). The reasons for the non-timely vaccination of HepB1 in newborn infants in hospitals are mainly premature infants, low birth weight, neonatal asphyxia and vaccine shortages. Conclusions Proper grasp of vaccination contraindications and guaranteeing HepB supply at township hospitals is the key to improve timely vaccination of HepB1.