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苏南丘陵地区长期以来实行稻麦轮作,60年代末期复种指数显著提高,70年代双季稻三熟制面积曾达90%。在这期间,产量虽有提高,但劳力负担重,施肥和土壤管理措施跟不上,普遍出现土壤性状恶化,营养元素失调等问题。实行联产承包责任制后,乡镇企业迅速发展,大量劳动力转移,以致有机肥减少,化肥用量剧增,出现地力衰退,病、虫、草害多发,农田生态系统的功能减弱等问题。针对这一情况,我们自1980年以来,在宜兴市川埠乡川埠村进行农田施肥定位试验(已进行8年),并
The hilly areas in southern Jiangsu have long implemented rice-wheat rotation. In the late 1960s, the index of multiple cropping increased markedly. The area of double-cropping rice in the 1970s reached 90%. During this period, despite the increase in output, heavy labor burden, inadequate fertilization and soil management measures generally led to deterioration of soil properties and imbalance of nutrients. After the implementation of the contract responsibility system, the rapid development of township and village enterprises and the transfer of a large amount of labor force have resulted in the reduction of organic fertilizers, the sharp increase of chemical fertilizer use, the decline of soil fertility, the outbreak of diseases, insects and grasses and the weakening of the functions of farmland ecosystems. In response to this situation, we have carried out field fertilization and location experiments (for 8 years) in Chuanbu Village, Chuanbu Township, Yixing City since 1980