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指称问题是语言哲学的基本问题。罗素以他的摹状词理论分析了包含像“独角兽”“金山”这类指称“虚构事物”的专名以及包含像“当今法国国王”这类不摹状任何东西的摹状词的句子的真值的情况。斯特劳森针对罗素的摹状词理论进行了批评,并从语用学的角度对包含这类语词的语句做出了三值逻辑的分析,强调了语境对指称问题的影响,区分了语词或语句本身和语词或语句的使用,以及语词的指称性用法及描述性用法。从中我们也看到了语言哲学由语义学向语用学发展的进程。
The allegation problem is the basic problem of language philosophy. Russell uses his description of the word theory to analyze the names that contain “fictional things” such as “Unicorn” and “Jinshan”, as well as those that contain “fictional things like the French king” The true value of the sentence of the description of the description of anything. Strawson criticized Russell’s theory of descriptions and made a three-valued logic analysis of the sentences containing such words from the perspective of pragmatics, emphasizing the influence of context on the allegations and distinguishing The use of the word or phrase itself and the word or sentence, the referential usage of the word, and the descriptive use of the word. From which we also see the process of linguistic philosophy from semantics to pragmatics.