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1971年10月,第14届国际计量大会决议,在国际单位制中增加第七个基本单位,就是物质的量的单位——摩尔。这个单位的概念,是国际纯粹与应用化学协会等提出的[见“化学上的基本常数”,载于PureAppl. Chem.,9(3),453—459(1964)]。它是由克分子演变而来。早在1900年之前,W.F.Oswald 提出将质量以克计、等于分子量或原子量的物质的量,称为“mol”。后来,这个原文被改为mole,而mol原字则成了摩尔这个单位的国际代号。长期以来,人们曾把它看作化学中特殊的质量单位(重量单位)。然而,根据阿伏加德罗定律,1克分子任何物质中都含有数目相同的分子,而相应的质量并不相等,似又不能作为质量单位。因此,在化学教学
In October 1971, the 14th International Conference of Weights and Measures resolved to add the seventh basic unit to the International System of Units, which is the unit of material quantity - Moore. The concept of this unit is proposed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, etc. [see Chemical Basic Constants, PureAppl. Chem., 9 (3), 453-459 (1964)]. It is evolved by the molecules. As early as 1900, W.F. Oswald proposed that the mass in grams, equal to the molecular weight or atomic mass of the material, is called “mol”. Later, the original text was changed to mole, while the mol-word became the international symbol of Moore. For a long time, people used to think of it as a special chemical mass unit (weight unit). However, according to Avogadro’s law, any substance of 1 gram contains the same number of molecules, and the corresponding masses are not equal and can not be regarded as mass units any more. So in chemistry teaching