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热液与煤发生对流换热导致煤的变质，该作用称煤的热液变质作用，形成的煤称热液变质煤。渗滤和扩散作用是热液变质煤的主要形成机理。影响煤热液变质作用的外因是热液的温度、规模、作用时间及频繁程度；内因是煤的渗透性、水分、变质前煤阶、围岩的封闭性。介绍了热液变质煤的空间分布、地球化学和化学结构等特征。
The convective heat transfer between hydrothermal coal and coal leads to the metamorphism of coal, which is called the metamorphism of hydrothermal fluids. The formation of coal is called the hydrothermal coal. Diafiltration and diffusion are the main formation mechanisms of hydrothermal coal. The external factors affecting the hydrothermal metamorphism are hydrothermal temperature, scale, duration of action and frequency; the internal cause is the permeability of coal, water, the sealing of coal rank and surrounding rock before metamorphism. The characteristics of the spatial distribution, geochemistry and chemical structure of hydrothermal coal are introduced.