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Three varieties of goldfish, the Red-dragon, the Red-carassius and the Eggfish, were used to demonstrate the influence of nucleus and cytoplasm on the phenotypic expression and their mutual interaction after nuclear transplantation. Fishes from these combinations could not only develop normally but also reach sexual maturity.The characteristics of fishes after first transplantation (N_1) were fundamentally of the nuclear donor variety e. g. the combination of nucleus of Red-dragon with cytoplasm of Redcarassius was very much similar to Red-dragon. The male fish of N_1 mated with female Red-dragon gave offsprings with characters fundamentally like the Reddragon too.If these blastulae were used as nuclear donor and transplanted their nuclei into Red-carassius cytoplasm again, we got the N_2. There were more single tailed fishes in this category with the character of the Red-earassius. When the male fish of N_2 mated with the Reddragon, more single tailed and atypical single tailed fishes appeared in their offsprings. This indicated that the changed characteristics in N_2 was inheritable.If proceeded in this manner again and again, more and more single tailed and atypical single tailed fishes appeared in N_3 and N_4 and their offsprings when mated with Red-dragon. The effect of cytoplasm changed not only the phenotypic characters of the combination, but also the genetic information to next generation. Those influence was additive too.
Three varieties of goldfish, the Red-dragon, the Red-carassius and the Eggfish, were used to demonstrate the influence of nucleus and cytoplasm on the phenotypic expression and their mutual interaction after nuclear transplantation. Fishes from these combinations could not only develop normally but also reach sexual maturity.The characteristics of fishes after first transplantation (N_1) were fundamentally of the nuclear donor variety eg the combination of nucleus of Red-dragon with cytoplasm of Redcarassius was very similar to Red-dragon. The male fish of N_1 mated with female Red-dragon gave offsprings with characters fundamentally like the Reddragon too.If these blastulae were used as nuclear donor and transplanted their nuclei into Red-carassius cytoplasm again, we got the N_2. There were more single tailed fishes in this category with the character of the Red-earassius. When the male fish of N_2 mated with the Reddragon, more single tailed and atypical single tailed fishes This indicated that the changed characteristics in N_2 was inheritable.If proceeded in this manner again and again, more and more single tailed and atypical single tailed fishes appeared in N_3 and N_4 and their offsprings when mated with Red-dragon. The effect of cytoplasm changed not only the phenotypic characters of the combination, but also the genetic information to next generation. Those influence was additive too.