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价格机制作为市场经济的核心,它的信号作用、调节作用、利益分配作用是十分灵敏和有力的。烟草是计划管制下的市场经济,在法律上、体制上都没有市场价格机制完全自由、自发作用的条件和基础。烟草行业的特殊性决定了其价格的形成机制,并非简单的由供需关系决定,而是独特的价格形成机制。卷烟价格管理不规范容易导致行业经济运行不规范,给国家、行业带来损失。本文综述了几种价格理论,并结合价格理论对卷烟市场各层面价格进行理论分析,并重点针对专卖体制没有涵盖的市场批发价的产生与作用机理进行研究,以找到卷烟市场影响价格变化的相关因素与内在联系,进而揭示卷烟市场自发调节平衡供需的规律,同时对现行卷烟价格体系的利弊进行了分析,最后提出改进建议,以期对整个烟草行业的健康发展产生作用。
As the core of the market economy, the price mechanism is very sensitive and powerful in its signal function, regulatory function and profit distribution. Tobacco is a market economy under planned control. There is no legal or institutional condition and basis for the market price mechanism to be completely free and spontaneous. The particularity of the tobacco industry determines the formation mechanism of its price. It is not simply determined by the supply-demand relationship, but a unique price formation mechanism. Non-standard cigarette price easily lead to non-standard operation of the industry economy, the country, industry losses. This article summarizes several price theories and makes a theoretical analysis of the price of cigarettes at various levels in combination with the pricing theory. The research focuses on the production and the mechanism of the wholesale prices not covered by the monopoly system in order to find the correlation between the influence of the cigarette market on price changes Factors and internal relations, and then reveal the law of spontaneous adjustment and balance of supply and demand in the cigarette market. At the same time, the advantages and disadvantages of the current cigarette price system are analyzed. Finally, suggestions for improvement are put forward in order to play a role in the healthy development of the tobacco industry.