国企改革涉及到我们国家的现状、历史、未来;涉及到国家、企业、居民;涉及到政治、经济、文化各个方面。这样一个复杂的社会工程,不花钱是不可能的,在经济上肯定要付代价,肯定要有成本。不说企业经营费用,仅因制度变化而产生的费用,就至少有五大成本。首先,国企改革离退休制度。过去是企业背着,企业现在背不动了。前年有一个统计,一个在职工人平均负担0.29个离退休工人,一些老企业还会多些。北京一个老毛纺厂,全厂900多人,其中有700多个离退休工人。这已不是企业自身改革能解决的问题了,只 The reform of state-owned enterprises involves the status quo, history and future of our country. It involves countries, enterprises and residents and involves all aspects of politics, economy and culture. It is impossible for such a complicated social project to cost money and it must be economically certain to pay the cost. Not to mention business expenses, only because of the cost of system changes, there are at least five major costs. First, state-owned enterprises reform the retirement system. In the past is the carrying company, the company now can not move back. A year ago, there is a statistic that an employed worker has an average burden of 0.29 retired workers and some older enterprises will still have more. An old woolen mill in Beijing, the whole plant more than 900 people, of which more than 700 retired workers. This is not the problem that can be solved by the reform of the enterprise itself