七十年代至八十年代初的美国以至整个世界资本主义经济的特点,是内部经济矛盾的尖锐化。同六十年代相比,科技革命对于国家经济的刺激作用明显地减弱,社会生产主要部门发展不稳定性和不平衡性加剧了,生产增长进程大为减慢。国民总产值的年平均增长速度,以不变价格计算,比六十年代低1/5,经济总投资几乎下降2/5。这些过程是同美国经济在世界资本主义周期范围内的周期运动的现代特点及后果不可分离地联系在一起的,首先是由于七十年代中期的战后最大危机的影响所致,这次危机决定了再生产过程此后发展的一系列最重要方面。例如,七十年代下半期又一次出现的周期性高涨为时相当短暂。七十年代末美国经济的许多主导部门,在通货膨胀进一步迅速发展和失业增加的情况下,开始出现停滞现象。到1980年,美国进入了又一次的经济衰退阶段。资本主义经济周期性动荡的规模和期限通常首先以国民总产值变化的指标来表示,因为动荡不同 The characteristics of the capitalist economies of the United States and the entire world from the 1970s to the early 1980s are the sharpening of the internal economic contradictions. Compared with the 1960s, the stimulus effect of the scientific and technological revolution on the national economy was significantly weakened. The development instability and imbalance in the major sectors of social production intensified and the process of production growth slowed down. The average annual growth rate of GNP, at constant prices, is 1/5 lower than in the 1960s and the total economic investment has dropped by almost two-fifths. These processes are inseparably linked with the modern characteristics and consequences of the periodic movement of the U.S. economy in the cycle of the world capitalism. The first is the result of the post-war biggest crisis of the mid-1970s. The crisis was decided A series of the most important aspects of the development of the reproduction process thereafter. For example, the recurring cyclical upsurge in the second half of the seventies was rather brief. Many leading sectors of the U.S. economy began their stagnation in the late 1970s, with the further rapid development of inflation and the increase of unemployment. By 1980, the United States entered yet another stage of economic recession. The scale and duration of the cyclical turmoil in capitalist economy are usually first expressed in terms of indicators of the change in gross national product, because of the turmoil