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以“中单909”为材料,通过不同种植密度研究了密植型玉米品种实现高产的群体结构特征。结果表明:通过调节群体结构协调穗数与粒重之间的关系,并解决高密度群体穗长减小、行粒数减少的问题,是实现密植型玉米高产的关键。产量与种植密度、各时期叶面积指数(LAI)、光合势(LAD)、干物质积累量(DMA)的关系均呈抛物线型变化规律,产量与开花期冠层内各层次透光率则呈指数曲线变化,干物质积累动态符合逻辑斯蒂方程。密植型玉米品种的高产群体结构特征是:最大叶面积指数(LAImax)、最大光合势(LADmax)分别为7.37、125.24万m2.d/hm2,LAI大于5的持续时间在50 d以上,穗期LAI和花粒期LAI分别为5.9、6.7,收获时的LAI仍能维持在4.2左右、LAD高于125.24万m2.d/hm2时间在40 d左右;单株干物质积累量在指数增长期、直线增长期和缓慢增长期分别为45.84、212.05、236.36 g;开花期穗位层次的适宜透光率和地面漏光率分别为16.26%和0.99%左右。
With “Zhongdan 909” as material, the population structure characteristics of high-yielding maize varieties were studied through different planting densities. The results showed that it is the key to achieve high yield of close planting corn by adjusting the population structure to coordinate the relationship between panicle number and grain weight, and to solve the problem of reducing the spike length and reducing the number of rows in high density population. The relationship between yield and planting density, leaf area index (LAI), photosynthetic potential (LAD) and dry matter accumulation (DMA) showed a parabolic curve at each stage, while the light transmittance Index curve changes, dry matter accumulation in line with the Logistic equation. The population structure characteristics of high-yielding maize varieties were as follows: the maximum leaf area index (LAImax), the maximum photosynthetic potential (LADmax) were 7.371252400m2.d / hm2, the duration of LAI> 5during 50d or more, LAI and anthesis LAI were 5.9 and 6.7 respectively. LAI at harvest was still around 4.2 and LAD was higher than 1.2524 million m2.d / hm2 for about 40 days. The dry matter accumulation per plant increased in an exponential phase, The linear growth period and slow growth period were 45.84, 212.05 and 236.36 g, respectively. The appropriate light transmittance and ground leakage rate at the ear level at flowering stage were 16.26% and 0.99%, respectively.