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应用微卫星标记对尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)♀×萨罗罗非鱼(Sarotherodon melanotheron)♂杂交后代(F1、F2)的遗传分离情况进行了初步研究。在86对微卫星引物中,筛选出21对在尼罗罗非鱼和萨罗罗非鱼中存在差异等位基因的特异性引物,共检测出59个等位基因,包含32个尼罗罗非鱼和24个萨罗罗非鱼特异等位基因。F1观测杂合度(Ho=0.998)大于F2(Ho=0.739),F2有效等位基因数(Ne=2.48)、平均多态信息含量(PIC=0.497)与F1的(Ne=2.45、PIC=0.489)相似。F1中所有位点均表现为尼罗罗非鱼与萨罗罗非鱼杂合基因型。F2中位点等位基因分离情况各异,通过卡方检验,有18个位点符合孟德尔遗传(P>0.05),2个位点GM145、UNH003表现为偏离孟德尔遗传(P<0.05),1个位点GM276不分离。在18个孟德尔遗传位点中,F2中尼罗罗非鱼特异等位基因频率为48.3%,萨罗罗非鱼特异等位基因频率为47.7%;基因型出现F1型、尼罗罗非鱼型、萨罗罗非鱼型的比例分别为58.2%、19.9%、21.9%。结果表明,F2较好地继承了F1的遗传杂合性,但也存在一定程度的分离。
The microsatellite markers were used to study the genetic segregation of ♂ × Oreochromis niloticus × Sarotherodon melanotheron ♂ hybrids F1 and F2. Twenty-one pairs of microsatellite primers were screened for 21 pairs of specific primers with different alleles in Nile tilapia and Saronodon tricolor, 59 alleles were detected, including 32 nile Non-fish and 24 special tritaeniornoides alleles. F1 was significantly higher than that of F1 (Ne = 2.45, PIC = 0.489), the average number of alleles (F2) )similar. All F1 loci showed heterozygous genotypes of Nile tilapia and Tilapia tilapia. There were 18 alleles in Mendelian inheritance (P> 0.05), 2 loci (GM145) and UNH003 (Mendelian deviations) (P <0.05) , One site GM276 does not separate. Among 18 Mendel genetic loci, the frequency of the specific allele of Nile tilapia in F2 was 48.3% and the frequency of the specific allele of Zaroosis tilapia was 47.7%. The genotypes were F1 and Nile tilapia The proportions of fish and salo-tilapia were 58.2%, 19.9% and 21.9% respectively. The results showed that F2 inherited the genetic heterozygosity of F1 well, but there was also a certain degree of segregation.