在浩瀚的日语词汇的海洋中,我们随处可以发现日中同素、同顺、同义的词。同时我们也可以发现日语中有许多词义与汉语相同或基本相同,字素虽然也相同,但字序却不相同的词,如‘年贺’‘切迫’‘许容’等。我们把这类词称为“日中同素异顺词”。据大致调查,这类词在日语中也占有相当的比例,因此有必要对它们进行探讨和研究。本文试就这类词的形成及应用谈点粗浅的看法。 一、日中同素异顺词的形式分类 日中同素异顺词归纳起来可分为以下几种形式。 1.日语中倒置、汉语中顺置的词。例如: 说述→述说 切迫→迫切 制限→限制 年贺→贺年 塞栓→栓塞 限界→界限 诗吟→吟诗 刻铭→铭刻 探侦→侦探 诈欺→欺诈 胁威→威胁 低降→降低 短缩→缩短 露显→显露 轻减→减轻 热狂→狂热 音声→声音 许容→容许 In the vast sea of ​​Japanese vocabulary, we can find words that are all the same in Japan, homonym, homonym, and synonymy. At the same time, we can also find that there are many words in Japanese that have the same or almost the same meaning as Chinese, but they have the same character, but they have different words in the same order, such as ’Yinhe’, ’Chuanqi’ and ’Xurong’. We call this type of word “Japan-China allegiance”. According to a general survey, such words also occupy a considerable proportion in Japanese, so it is necessary to discuss and study them. This article tries to talk about the formation and application of these words in a superficial way. First, the classification of the Japanese and Chinese allegorical commensurate words The sum of the similar words in Japanese and Chinese can be divided into the following forms. 1. The words in the Japanese language are reversed and placed in Chinese. For example: Narratives → Narrative stress → Imperative restrictions → Restrictions on the year → Hessian plug → Threshold limit → Boundary poetry → Inscribed poetry → Inscribed detective → Detective fraud → Fraudulent threat → Threatening low descent → Decrease and shorten → Shorten Lu Xian → Reveal Decrease → Relieve Enthusiasm → Fanaticism → Sound Volume → Permissible