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19世纪末20世纪初以来,西方资本主义国家先后完成了工业革命,确立起资本主义政治统治秩序,自由资本主义发展为垄断资本主义,经济结构、政治结构和精神文化都有重大变异,出现了许多新的特征。西方文化也在复杂的社会斗争中出现了现代性演进。20世纪前期,西方科学技术有了很大发展,自然科学方面的进步以相对论、量子论和基因论为代表。阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦是20世纪科学革命的先锋式杰出人物。1905年和1915年,爱因斯坦相继提出了狭义相对论和广义相对论,深刻揭示了时间、空间和物质、运动之间的内
Since the late 19th century and the early 20th century, the western capitalist countries have successively completed the industrial revolution, established the order of capitalist political rule, developed the free capitalism into monopoly capitalism, and have experienced many major changes in economic structure, political structure and spiritual culture. Many have emerged New features. Western culture has also seen the evolution of modernity in the complex social struggles. In the early twentieth century, there was a great development in science and technology in the West, and advances in natural science were represented by relativity theory, quantum theory and gene theory. Albert Einstein is a pioneering figure in the scientific revolution of the twentieth century. In 1905 and 1915, Einstein successively proposed the special theory of relativity and general relativity, profoundly revealing the relationship between time, space and matter, within the movement