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人腺病毒(human adenovirus，HAdV)是儿童社区获得性肺炎中常见的病原之一，多见于6月龄至5岁的儿童。由于腺病毒感染病变部位的不均一性和易累及小气道，常合并喘息发作，也可导致哮喘急性发作，甚至是支气管哮喘的独立危险因素。儿童时期感染HAdV常可导致潜伏感染并长期携带，部分儿童可遗留不同程度的肺部后遗症。近年来，HAdV感染后出现喘息的患儿逐渐增多，作为导致儿童喘息性疾病的一种重要病原体，HAdV在临床中逐渐被重视，探讨其发病机制显得尤为重要。“,”Human adenovirus(HAdV)is one of the most common pathogens in children with community-acquired pneumonia.Due to the heterogeneity of the lesion site of adenovirus pneumonia and the easy involvement of small airways, it is often associated with a wheezing attack, which can also lead to an acute attack of asthma, or even an independent risk factor for bronchial asthma.Childhood adenovirus infection can often lead to latent infection and long-term carrying, and some children can be left with different degrees of pulmonary sequelae.In recent years, the number of children with wheezing after HAdV infection has increased gradually.As an important pathogen leading to asthmatic diseases in children, HAdV has been paid more and more attention in clinical practice, and it is particularly important to explore its pathogenesis.