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公元1643年，科学家托里拆利（Toricelli）在一端封闭的长玻璃管中装满水银，然后把没有封闭的一端插在满盛水银的杯子中，发现玻璃管中水银下降了一段距离后即停止不动。他仔细研究这一个现象之后，理会到这是由於杯中水银表面上承受了相当於水银柱重量的压力的缘故，由此他首先发现了用水银柱测量气压的原理。根据这个原理制造出来测量大气压力的仪器称为水银气压计。它在科学领域中，直到今天为止还被广泛应用着。玻璃管封闭一端中的真空部分，在文献中往往就称为托里拆利真空。
In 1643, scientist Toricelli filled mercury in a long glass tube closed at one end, and then inserted the unclosed end into a cup filled with mercury and found that the mercury in the glass tube dropped a distance Stop motionless. After a careful examination of this phenomenon, he reasoned that it was due to the pressure on the surface of mercury in the cup, which suffered the equivalent of the weight of the mercury, and he first discovered the principle of measuring the pressure of air with a mercury column. Instruments manufactured according to this principle to measure atmospheric pressure are called mercury barometers. It is still widely used in science until today. The vacuum in the closed end of the glass tube is often referred to as Torriselli vacuum in the literature.