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本文讨论了疾病家庭聚集性研究中不同对照的特点。揭示在没有混杂因素作用的情况下，两种对照的任一种都可以通过与病例组比较，对疾病的家庭聚集性作出检验。但用指示对照有关的个体组成的对照具有较大的检验效能。若存在混杂因素，需采用分层分析方法或者标准化法对其进行控制，然后通过病例组与对照组的比较，对疾病的家庭聚集性作出推断。
This article discusses the characteristics of different controls in the family clustering study of disease. It was revealed that in the absence of confounding factors, either of the two controls could test the family clustering of the disease by comparing it with the case group. However, a control consisting of individuals who indicated that the control was relevant had greater test efficacy. If there are confounding factors, stratification analysis or standardization methods need to be used to control them, and then the family clustering of the disease can be inferred by comparing the case group with the control group.