上尿路梗阻手术中常遇术中诊断与术前不符、梗阻性质不明、多发结石难以取净等问题．而对上尿路的探查常因切口和解剖而受到限制。我们将纤维胆道镜用于术中对上尿路进行探查．结果证明该方法具有诊断清晰、操作简便、能帮助制订手术方案和减少再次手术率等优点。本文讨论了其适应证和注意事项．并强调应严格掌握适应证。 Urethral obstruction surgery often encountered intraoperative diagnosis and preoperative inconsistency, obstruction of unknown nature, multiple stones difficult to take the net and other issues. The exploration of the upper urinary tract is often limited by incision and anatomy. We use fiber choledochoscopy for intraoperative exploration of the upper urinary tract. The results show that the method has the advantages of clear diagnosis, easy operation, can help to develop the surgical plan and reduce the rate of reoperation. This article discusses its indications and caveats. And stressed that should be strictly controlled.