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消化系统肿瘤是临床的常见恶性肿瘤。手术是主要的治疗手段,然而因其发病隐匿,大部分患者就诊时肿瘤已发展至晚期,错过了最佳的手术时间。全身化疗则成为救治晚期肿瘤患者的重要手段。主要方案是以5-氟尿嘧啶为基础的进行全身化疗。但效率较低,且有较高的毒性,尤其是较高的心脏毒性,限制了临床应用。雷替曲塞作为一种新型的细胞毒性药物,通过特异性地抑制胸苷酸合成酶,实现抑制肿瘤细胞的复制,达到抗肿瘤的效果。在治疗胸膜间皮瘤、头颈部肿瘤和结直肠癌等肿瘤中获得了良好的疗效,而关于雷替曲塞治疗晚期消化系统肿瘤综述类报道则较为少见。本文将对国内外关于雷替曲塞的研究报道进行整理分析,对其在治疗晚期消化系统肿瘤中的用药方案、疗效方面进行综述进行系统阐述。
Digestive system tumors are common clinical malignancies. Surgery is the main treatment, however, because of its occult onset, the majority of patients treated at the time the tumor has advanced to the advanced stage, missed the best time for surgery. Systemic chemotherapy has become an important tool for the treatment of advanced cancer patients. The main regimen is 5-fluorouracil-based systemic chemotherapy. However, its low efficiency, high toxicity and especially high cardiotoxicity limit its clinical application. Raltitrexed, as a new type of cytotoxic drug, inhibits the replication of tumor cells by specifically inhibiting thymidylate synthase to achieve anti-tumor effect. In the treatment of pleural mesothelioma, head and neck cancer and colorectal cancer and other tumors obtained good curative effect, while the report of raltitrexed treatment of advanced digestive system tumor is relatively rare. This article will analyze the reports about raltitrexed at home and abroad, and give a systematic exposition of its treatment plan and efficacy in the treatment of advanced digestive system tumors.