AIM: To study the changes of endogenous interleukin 18 (IL-18) levels and evaluate the role of IL-18 on lung injury following gut ischemia/reperfusion. METHODS: A superior mesenteric artery occlusion model was selected for this research. The mice were randomly divided into four groups: Sham operation (sham), ischemia (0.5 h) followed by different times of reperfusion (I/R), and I/R pretreated with exogenous IL-18 (I/R+IL-18) or IL-18 neutralizing antibody (I/R+IL-18Ab) 15 min before ischemia. Serum IL-18 levels were detected by Western blot and ELISA, and the levels of IL-18 in lung tissue were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. For the study of pulmonary inflammation, the lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) contents and morphological changes were evaluated. RESULTS: Gut ischemia/reperfusion induced rapid increase of serum IL-18 levels, peaked at 1 h after reperfusion and then declined. The levels of IL-18 in lung tissue were gradually enhanced as the progress of reperfusion. Compared with I/R group, exogenous administration of IL-18 (I/R+IL-18) further remarkably enhanced the pulmonary MPO activity and inflammatory cell infiltration, and in I/R+IL-18Ab group, the content of MPO were significantly reduced and lung inflammation was also decreased. CONCLUSION: Gut ischemia/reperfusion induces the increase of IL-18 expression, which may make IL-18 act as an important proinfiammatory cytokine and contribute to gut ischemia/reperfusion-induced lung inflammation. AIM: To study the changes of endogenous interleukin 18 (IL-18) levels and evaluate the role of IL-18 on lung injury following gut ischemia / reperfusion. METHODS: A superior mesenteric artery occlusion model was selected for this research. The mice were randomly divided into four groups: Sham operation (sham), ischemia (0.5 h) followed by different times of reperfusion (I / R), and I / R pretreated with exogenous IL- 18 Serum IL-18 levels were detected by Western blot and ELISA, and the levels of IL-18 in lung tissue were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. For the study of pulmonary inflammation, the lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) contents and morphological changes were expressed as. RESULTS: Gut ischemia / reperfusion induced rapid increase of serum IL-18 levels, peaked at 1 h after reperfusion and then declined. The levels of IL- 18 in lung tissue were gradually enhanced as the progress of reperfusion. Compared w The I / R group, exogenous administration of IL-18 (I / R + IL-18) further remarkably enhanced the pulmonary MPO activity and inflammatory cell infiltration, and in I / R + IL-18Ab group, reduced and lung inflammation was also decreased. CONCLUSION: Gut ischemia / reperfusion induces the increase of IL-18 expression, which may make IL-18 act as an important proinfimatory cytokine and contribute to gut ischemia / reperfusion-induced lung inflammation.