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目的探讨甲型肝炎爆发的原因,分析甲型肝炎爆发的控制措施。方法采用统一的流行病学个案调查表对病例进行流行病学调查,描述流行特征;采用病例对照研究的方法分析流行因素;对患者的血清标本进行甲肝抗体IgM检测,并作调查控制分析。结果丹东市某县一商贸区内发生甲肝病人85例。病例临床特征以发热、乏力、厌油腻为主,患者甲肝抗体IgM均为阳性,预后良好,无死亡病例。自备井水经检测细菌总数、大肠菌群、粪大肠菌群数均明显超出标准值。病例对照研究显示发病危险因素与病例直接饮用自备井生水有关,喝生水者患甲肝的罹患率明显高于不喝生水者(x2=29.61,P<=0.01),喝生水患甲肝的危险性是不喝生水者的49.71倍。结论水源污染为此次甲型肝炎爆发的主要因素,应加强水质监测,杜绝此类事件的发生。
Objective To investigate the cause of hepatitis A outbreak and analyze the control measures of hepatitis A outbreak. Methods Uniform epidemiological case questionnaire was used to carry out epidemiological investigation of the cases and describe the epidemiological features. The case-control study was used to analyze the epidemic factors. The serum samples of the patients were tested for IgM of hepatitis A antibody and the control analysis was conducted. Results 85 cases of hepatitis A patients occurred in a commercial district of Dandong City. The clinical features of the cases were fever, fatigue and greasy greasy. All patients had positive IgM IgM, good prognosis and no deaths. The total number of bacteria tested in self-prepared well water has significantly exceeded the standard values of coliform bacteria and fecal coliform bacteria. Case-control study showed that the risk factors associated with direct drinking of patients with drinking water, the incidence of hepatitis A patients was significantly higher than those without drinking water (x2 = 29.61, P <0.01) The risk is 49.71 times of those who do not drink raw water. Conclusion Water pollution is the main factor of the outbreak of hepatitis A, and water quality monitoring should be strengthened to prevent such incidents.