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目的：了解单相与双相抑郁障碍患者的临床特征及认知功能，并探讨其与听觉事件相关电位P300的相关性。方法将50例单相抑郁障碍患者设为单相组，50例双相抑郁障碍患者设为双相组，40名健康志愿者设为对照组。对3组应用汉密顿抑郁量表、韦氏成人记忆测验量表和韦氏成人智力量表进行测评分析，并进行P300检测分析。结果单相组与双相组患者临床症状比较差异均有极显著性（P＜0．01）；双相组汉密顿抑郁量表总分显著高于单相组（P＜0．01）。单相组和双相组认知功能评分均显著低于对照组（P＜0．01），且双相组显著低于单相组（ P＜0．05或0．01）。与对照组比较，单相组和双相组P300潜伏期显著延长（ P＜0．01），波幅显著降低（ P＜0．01），双相组潜伏期更长。单相组和双相组P300潜伏期延长和波幅降低与认知功能各项评分均存在显著相关性（ P＜0．05或0．01）。结论单相与双相抑郁障碍具有不同的临床特征，患者均存在认知功能障碍，且认知功能与P300存在相关性。“,”Objective To find out clinical features ,cognitive function of unipolar and bipolar depression patients and explore their correlation to auditory event-related potential P300 .Methods Fifty unipolar de-pression patients were assigned to unipolar group ,50 bipolar ones to bipolar group and 40 health volun-teers to control group . Assessments were conducted with the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD ) , Wechsler Adult Memory Scale (WMS) and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-RC) among 3 groups and P300 detections analyzed .Results There were significant differences in clinical features between uni-polar and bipolar group (P<0 .01);The HAMD total score was significantly higher in bipolar than unipo-lar group (P<0 .01) .Cognitive function scores of both unipolar and bipolar group were significantly lower than that of control group (P<0 .01) ,so was that of bipolar than unipolar group (P<0 .05 or 0 .01) . Compared with control group P300 latency prolonged (P<0 .01) and amplitude lowered (P<0 .01) more significantly in both unipolar and bipolar group ,especially latency in unipolar group .P300 prolonged la-tency and lowered amplitude of both unipolar and bipolar group were notably related to each item score of cognitive functions (P<0 .05 or 0 .01) .Conclusion Unipolar and bipolar depression have different clinical features ,all patients do cognitive dysfunctions ,and cognitive functions are related to P300 .