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Aiming at the problem that high-resolution optical remote sensing image, lines are prone to fracture, and a line segment optimization algorithm is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the line segment is regarded as a way to express the contour of the ground object,and the laws of line segment fracture from two aspects of geometric features and texture features are analyzed;Secondly, the line segment optimization algorithm is proposed. It takes the results of detecting line segments as the processing primitives, determines the initial optimized line segment according to the length of the line segment, establishes the tracking rectangular region and geometric constraint model for the fractured line segments, builds a dynamic optimization model, and gives a complete line optimization process. Through the analysis of experimental results of multiple actual scenes and different types of remote sensing images, it is shown that this algorithm can not only solve the problem of line segment fracture caused by terrain occlusion, edge blurring, and edge serration, but also comparing with other methods, the proposed algorithm has great advantages in optimizing line length and restraining over extraction problem.