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目的了解鹤山市农村集中式供水卫生现状,为政府及水务部门完善改水策略提供科学依据。方法根据每年《广东省农村集中式供水水质卫生监测技术方案》要求,2008—2011年每年各设置20个监测点,2012年增加10个监测点,按照GB/T 5750—2006《生活饮用水标准检验方法》对各监测点进行采样检测,并按GB 5749—2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》进行评价和分析。结果2008—2012年5年来共监测393份水样,合格193份,平均合格率为49.11%,各年度的合格率在36.49%~60.81%之间。5年间枯水期和丰水期的总合格率分别为45.73%、52.58%,出厂水和末梢水的总合格率分别为49.14%、49.08%。5年间完全处理和不完全处理方式的合格率分别为65.35%、41.35%,不同水质处理方式的合格率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。5年监测供水工程中,以山溪水为主要水源,占47.50%(19/40);微生物指标合格率最低,其中总大肠菌群和耐热大肠菌群的合格率均为76.84%(302/393);其次是一般化学指标,p H合格率为78.37%(308/393);感官指标中,肉眼可见物合格率最低,为78.88%(310/393)。结论鹤山市农村饮用水水质合格率偏低,微生物指标、感官指标、p H、铁、锰是影响鹤山市水质合格的主要指标,要加强供水工程的改造和卫生管理,完善水质处理工艺和消毒措施。
Objective To understand the status of centralized water supply and sanitation in rural Heshan City and provide scientific basis for improving the water diversion strategy of government and water sector. Methods According to the requirements of “Technical Scheme for Sanitary Monitoring of Centralized Water Supply in Rural Areas of Guangdong Province”, 20 monitoring points were set up every year from 2008 to 2011 and 10 monitoring points were added in 2012. According to the standard of drinking water of GB / T 5750-2006 Test method “for each monitoring point sampling and testing, and according to GB 5749-2006” drinking water health standards "for evaluation and analysis. Results A total of 393 water samples were monitored during the five years from 2008 to 2012, with a total of 193 samples. The average passing rate was 49.11%. The pass rates in each year ranged from 36.49% to 60.81%. The total qualified rates of dry season and wet season were 45.73% and 52.58% respectively in 5 years. The total qualified rate of ex-factory water and peripheral water was 49.14% and 49.08% respectively. The pass rates of complete treatment and incomplete treatment in 5 years were 65.35% and 41.35%, respectively. The differences of pass rates among different water treatment methods were statistically significant (P <0.01). In the 5-year monitoring water supply project, mountain stream was the main water source, accounting for 47.50% (19/40). The passing rate of microbial indicators was the lowest, of which the pass rate of total coliforms and heat-resistant coliform bacteria was 76.84% (302 / 393); followed by general chemical indicators, p H pass rate was 78.37% (308/393); sensory indicators, the lowest visible mass was 78.88% (310/393). Conclusion The qualified rate of drinking water quality in rural areas of Heshan City is low. Microbial indicators, sensory indexes, p H, iron and manganese are the main indicators that affect Heshan City’s water quality. We should strengthen the renovation and sanitation management of water supply projects and improve the quality of water treatment and disinfection Measures.