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目的了解甘肃省兰州市2～7岁儿童睡眠状况及影响因素。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,在兰州市4个区选取649名儿童进行睡眠问卷调查。结果兰州市2～7岁儿童全天总睡眠时间随年龄增长而减少,各组间均数呈线形趋势,差异有统计学意义(F=23.99,P<0.01);男童睡眠时间长于女童,差异有统计学意义(t=3.35,P<0.01);睡眠时间的影响因素有年龄、性别、睡觉前有进食习惯、不能单独睡眠、睡眠需要帮助、睡中惊叫、睡眠时身体疼痛、白天嗜睡状态、早晨由他人唤醒、看护人总睡眠时间、失眠、看护人的年龄、学历等;睡眠障碍总发生率为50.7%,男童发生率为47.3%,女童为55.2%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=3.987,P=0.0046);睡眠障碍发生的危险因素有父母婚姻关系不良、母亲睡眠障碍、睡眠不规律、与父母同房睡、母亲高学历、单亲家庭等。结论兰州市儿童的睡眠时间少于国内外大多数城市,睡眠障碍的发生率较高;睡眠相关因素主要是家庭环境、儿童及带养人的睡眠习惯。
Objective To understand the sleep status and influencing factors of children aged 2 ~ 7 years in Lanzhou, Gansu Province. Methods Stratified random sampling method was used to select 649 children in 4 districts of Lanzhou for sleep questionnaire. Results The total sleep time of children aged 2 ~ 7 years in Lanzhou decreased with the increase of age. The average number of each group showed a linear trend, the difference was statistically significant (F = 23.99, P <0.01). The sleep time of boys was longer than that of girls, The difference was statistically significant (t = 3.35, P <0.01). The influencing factors of sleep time were age, sex, eating habit before going to sleep, sleep alone, sleep help, sleep exclamation, body aches during sleep, Lethargy, morning wake-up by others, total caregivers sleep time, insomnia, caregiver’s age, education, etc. The total incidence of sleep disorders was 50.7%, the incidence of boys was 47.3%, and girls was 55.2%, the difference was statistically significant (Χ2 = 3.987, P = 0.0046). The risk factors of sleep disorders include poor marital relationship, maternal sleep disorder, irregular sleep, sleeping in the same room with their parents, high mothers’ education, single-parent families and so on. Conclusion Children in Lanzhou sleep less than most cities at home and abroad, and the incidence of sleep disorders is higher. The factors related to sleep are mainly family environment, children and sleep habits with people.