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一引言近年来,由于放射性同位素在农业上的广泛应用,对于小麦各生育阶段营养物质运输分配以及主莖和分蘖间的营养关系已进行了不少的研究。如用C~(14)研究表明:在羣体条件下,小麦个体各生长发育时期,光合产物主要是向当时的生长中心集中。分蘖期放射性物质主要运往主莖叶、叶鞘和分蘖;拔节期主要运往莖稈,部分运往分蘖;抽穗期集中运往穗下节再向穗部输送;成熟期主要运往籽粒。用P~(32)和C~(14)研究表明,小麦主莖和分蘖吸收的磷和碳可以相互运转。一般说:早期是主莖的养分供应分蘖较多,以后则分蘖的养分逐渐向主莖运输;拔节后无效分蘖枯黄时,其本身积累的营养物质,大部分供给主莖和成穗的分蘖。但亦有试验指出:小穗分化前后,主莖和分蘖吸收的磷素主要保留于本身,相互转移的量极小,卽便无效分蘖黄萎时,本身依然保留46%的P~(32),并指出:由根部吸收的P~(32)进入小麦植株后,按照一定的比例分配于主莖和分蘖间,而后主要是在本蘖内的营养器官与生
I. INTRODUCTION In recent years, due to the wide application of radioisotopes in agriculture, much research has been conducted on the nutrient distribution and the nutritional relationship between the main stems and tillers at different growth stages of wheat. For example, C ~ (14) showed that under the population condition, during the growth and development of individual wheat, photosynthetic products were mainly concentrated in the growth center at that time. At the tillering stage, the radioactive substances were mainly transported to the main stem, leaf sheath and tillering. At the jointing stage, they were mainly transported to the stalk and partly to the tillers. The heading stage was concentrated and transported to the panicles and then to the panicle. The maturing stage was mainly for the grain. P ~ (32) and C ~ (14) showed that phosphorus and carbon absorbed by the main stems and tillers of wheat could interoperate with each other. Generally speaking, the early stage is the main stem nutrient supply more tillering, later the tillering nutrients to the main stem transport; ineffective tiller tillering after the jointing, its own accumulation of nutrients, most of the supply to the main stem and spike tiller. However, some experiments also pointed out that before and after spikelet differentiation, the phosphorus absorbed by the main stem and tiller mainly remained in itself, the amount of mutual transfer was extremely small, , And pointed out that the P ~ (32) absorbed by the roots entered the wheat plants and was distributed between the main stems and tillers according to a certain proportion, and then mainly the vegetative organs