向往对人类自身的发展和整个社会的进步都有着重大的影响。今天,它也是我们进行改革、建设高度的社会主义物质文明和精神文明所不可缺少的心理基础。对向往的研究,是社会心理学的一个重要课题。向往是个体对某一目标的追求,是人们的需要、动机、目的、意志、信念、理想等心理活动的综合表现。它直接影响着人们行为的效果和社会价值。向往水平是指人们为 Desire for the development of mankind itself and the progress of society as a whole have a significant impact. Today, it is also an indispensable psychological foundation for us to carry out reforms and build a high-level socialist material and spiritual civilization. The study of longing is an important issue in social psychology. Aspiration is the individual’s pursuit of a goal, is the people’s needs, motives, goals, will, faith, ideals and other psychological activities of the comprehensive performance. It directly affects the effectiveness of people’s behavior and social values. Aspirational level is people