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大坝溃决后,水库蓄水量及上游入库洪水经溃口下泄可形成骤发性的洪水,给下游人民的生命、财产带来严重危害。五十年代以来,印度、意大利、法国、美国及我国共有60余座大、中型水库大坝失事,造成了重大损失。因此,许多国家十分重视溃坝洪水计算工作的研究,并制定了法律、规程,规定在工程设计阶段必须预估大坝一旦失事后,溃坝洪水对下游造成的危害,以便作出防范措施和编制应急计划。 1892年,德国里特尔首次提出溃坝流量计算公
After the dam ruptures, the reservoir water storage and floods of the upstream storage reservoirs can be discharged through the breach of mouth to cause sudden floods, which bring serious harm to the life and property of downstream people. Since the 1950s, a total of more than 60 large and medium-sized dams in India, Italy, France, the United States and our country have caused serious losses. Therefore, many countries attach great importance to the study of the calculation of dam breach floods and have formulated laws and regulations that stipulate that in the stage of project design, once a dam has failed, flood damage to downstream should be estimated so that preventive measures and compilation can be made emergency plan. In 1892, Ritter, Germany first proposed break-dam flow calculation