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马尾松人工林是我国南方主要的单一树种人工林之一。采用以空间代替时间方法,阐明该单一造林树种人工林林下群落结构在发育过程中的变化规律,为该人工林群落的植被生态改良提供依据和参考。湖南省衡山县紫巾山国有林场内不同林龄阶段马尾松人工林群落内调查有植物108种,隶属56科91属。檵木(Loropetalumchinensis)、白栎(Quercus fabri)、赤楠(Radix Syzygii)、栀子(Gardenia jasminoides)以及茅草(Imperata cylin-drica)、芒(Schizachyrium scoparium)、淡竹叶(Lophatherum gracile)和狗脊蕨(Woodwardia japonica)等在整个群落中有较大优势。整个群落及其各垂直层次的各多样性指数值在中熟林(15a)以下表现有很大波动性,中熟林(15a)之后群落开始出现新的野生乔木物种,同时整个群落及各垂直群落层次的丰富度指数,Simpson多样性指数,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数的变化均开始趋向于稳定。在整个林下群落的演变过程中老熟林(25a)和中幼林(5a)群落间物种相似性最低(Sm为0.158),β多样性最大,体现出中幼林(5a)的群落结构最不稳定。
Masson pine plantation is one of the main single tree plantations in South China. By using space instead of time method, the variation regularity of undergrowth community structure during the development of single plantation tree species was clarified, which provided the basis and reference for the vegetation ecological improvement of the plantation community. There are 108 species of P. massoniana plantations in different forest stands in Zimushan National Forest Farm of Hengshan County, Hunan Province, belonging to 56 families and 91 genera. Loropetalum chinensis, Quercus fabri, Radix Syzygii, Gardenia jasminoides, and Imperata cylin-drica, Schizachyrium scoparium, Lophatherum gracile, Fern (Woodwardia japonica), etc. have a greater advantage in the entire community. The diversity index of the whole community and its vertical strata showed great fluctuation under medium-mature forest (15a). After the middle-mature forest (15a), new wild arbor species began to emerge, and the whole community and vertical The changes of community level richness index, Simpson diversity index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index all began to tend to be stable. In the evolutionary process of the entire forest community, the lowest similarity (Sm 0.158) was found between the communities of the mature and middle-aged stands (5a and 5a), and the β diversity was the largest. It showed that the community structure of middle- stable.