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对天津一种典型的砖墙日光温室进行连续2个冬季的热湿环境现状测试。结果表明:日光温室内日平均气温大部分时间可维持在10℃左右,最冷时仅为5.0℃;日最低气温1月份平均为3.4～5.5℃,极端日最低气温为0.8℃,此温度持续过长则会造成植物的冷害;温室内夜间温度较低,12—02月份室内夜间平均气温最低仅2.5℃;夜间室内外温差为10～15℃。1月份室内白昼平均相对湿度为66%,当采用无土栽培时,湿度仅50%左右;夜间室内相对湿度在整个测试期间都高达99%。可见,日光温室温湿环境大多适宜植物的生长,但仍存在低温和高湿等不利因素。可通过提高屋面透光性、增强北墙吸收太阳辐射作用、增强维护结构蓄热保温性、加强透风并改良栽培方式等方法改善日光温室的环境性能。
A typical brick greenhouse in Tianjin for two consecutive hot and humid winter environment test. The results showed that the daily average temperature in solar greenhouse was about 10 ℃ for most of the time and only 5.0 ℃ in the coldest time. The daily minimum temperature was 3.4 ~ 5.5 ℃ in January and the lowest temperature in extreme day was 0.8 ℃. If it is too long, it will cause chilling damage to the plants; the nighttime temperature in the greenhouse is low, and the average indoor nighttime temperature is only 2.5 ℃ in the period from January to February. The nighttime indoor and outdoor temperature difference is 10-15 ℃. Indoor average daytime relative humidity was 66% in January. When soilless culture was used, the humidity was only about 50%. The nighttime indoor relative humidity was as high as 99% throughout the test period. Can be seen that most of the greenhouse temperature and humidity environment suitable for plant growth, but there are still unfavorable factors such as low temperature and high humidity. The environmental performance of solar greenhouse can be improved by improving the light transmittance of the roof, enhancing the absorption of solar radiation by the northern wall, enhancing the thermal insulation of the maintenance structure, strengthening the ventilation and improving the cultivation methods.