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心血管疾病危险因素在儿童时期即可识别和追踪。有研究调查了519名儿童(平均年龄3.9岁),并于4年后进行了心血管疾病危险因素的评估,基线和跟踪评价指标包括:身高、体重、体质量指数、血压、血脂和24 h的饮食摄入。应用回归分析法分析营养对心血管危险因素血脂水平和体质指数(body nass index,BMI)的影响。随着时间推移BMI的增加和能量摄入与总胆固醇水平直接相关。单不饱和脂肪和膳食纤维可以预示出总胆固醇的水平。在跟踪数据中BMI、腰围的增加和蔗糖的摄入量与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平成反比。腰围、BMI与高水平甘油三酯有关,并且与来自单不饱和脂肪的能量百分比较低有关。这些研究进一步表明,不合理饮食是儿童时期心血管疾病发生的危险因素。
Cardiovascular risk factors can be identified and tracked during childhood. A total of 519 children (mean age, 3.9 years) were investigated and risk factors for cardiovascular disease were assessed after 4 years. Baseline and follow-up measures included height, weight, body mass index, blood pressure, lipids, and 24 h Dietary intake. Regression analysis was used to analyze the effect of nutrition on blood lipid level and body mass index (BMI) in cardiovascular risk factors. Over time BMI increases and energy intake is directly related to total cholesterol levels. Monounsaturated fat and dietary fiber can predict the level of total cholesterol. In the tracking data, the increase in BMI, waist circumference, and intake of sucrose are inversely proportional to the level of HDL cholesterol. Waist circumference, BMI is associated with high levels of triglycerides and is associated with lower energy percentage from monounsaturated fat. These studies further show that unreasonable diet is a risk factor for childhood cardiovascular disease.