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本文对1998—2005年中美两国制造业内部结构进行了深入的比较,有三个重要的发现:一是中美制造能力差距在这七年间缩小的幅度是惊人的,即中国制造业增加值从为美国的13%提高到52%,到2007年则进一步上升到76%。二是中国制造业劳动力数增加了50%,其中资本和技术密集型制造业的劳动力增加数超过了劳动密集型制造业;而美国制造业则经历了劳动力数的减少。三是中国制造业劳动生产率提高了2.78倍,远高于美国49.5%。显然,中国制造能力迅速缩小与美国的差距意味着工业发展水平的提高,并使世界工业实力重排座次。
This article makes an in-depth comparison of the internal structure of manufacturing industry in China and the United States between 1998 and 2005 and has three important findings: First, the gap between the manufacturing capacity of China and the United States in these seven years has been staggering. That is, China’s manufacturing added value From 13% for the United States to 52% and further to 76% by 2007. Second, China’s manufacturing labor force increased by 50%, of which capital and technology-intensive manufacturing labor force increased more than labor-intensive manufacturing industry; while the US manufacturing industry experienced a decrease in labor force. Third, the labor productivity of China’s manufacturing industry increased 2.78 times, much higher than the United States 49.5%. Obviously, the rapid narrowing of manufacturing capacity in China and the gap between the United States means an increase in the level of industrial development and the rearrangement of world industrial strength.