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[目的]调查建筑陶瓷企业陶工尘肺的发病情况。[方法]对某建筑陶瓷企业1 008例接尘工人(接尘组)进行陶工尘肺流行病学调查,以该企业85例非接尘工人作为对照组。陶工尘肺诊断按现行《尘肺病诊断标准》(GBZ 70-2009)。并对工作场所空气中粉尘浓度进行测定。[结果]陶瓷粉尘总尘浓度0.10~2.95 mg/m3,总尘浓度超标率18.18%,粉尘中游离SiO2含量43%~44%。在1 008例接尘工人中,诊断为壹期陶工尘肺2例,检出率0.20%。X线胸片表现主要为圆形小阴影q影。接尘组肺通气功能减退和小气道功能异常检出率均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。接尘组的心电图改变和五官疾病的检出率与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。[结论]建筑陶瓷企业的陶工尘肺发病率较低,但其粉尘危害不容忽视,应做好预防控制工作。
[Objective] To investigate the incidence of ceramic workers’ pneumoconiosis in construction ceramics enterprises. [Method] An epidemiological survey of potter’s pneumoconiosis was conducted on 1 008 workers exposed to dust in a building ceramics enterprise (dust receiving group), and 85 non-dust exposed workers in this enterprise were taken as control group. Potter pneumoconiosis diagnosis according to the current “pneumoconiosis diagnostic criteria” (GBZ 70-2009). The airborne dust concentration in the workplace was measured. [Result] The total dust concentration of ceramic dust was 0.10-2.95 mg / m3, the total dust concentration exceeded the standard 18.18%, and the content of free SiO2 in dust was 43% -44%. Among 1 008 dust-exposed workers, 2 cases were diagnosed as ceramic workers’ pneumoconiosis with a detection rate of 0.20%. X-ray showed mainly small round shadow q shadow. The incidences of pulmonary dysfunction and small airway dysfunction in the dust-receiving group were significantly higher than those in the control group, with significant difference (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the change of electrocardiogram (ECG) and the detection rate of facial features between the two groups (P> 0.05). [Conclusion] The incidence of potter’s pneumoconiosis in building ceramic enterprises is low, but the hazard of dust can not be neglected, so prevention and control should be well done.