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“满铁”是20世纪初日本政府在中国东北设立的殖民机构。它表面上是一家以赢利为目的的普通会社,实际上却是战前日本最大的国策会社。为了其侵略扩张,“满铁”成立之初就专门设立了调查部,在中国东北和内蒙古地区开展大规模的社会调查和情报搜集活动。对于内蒙古而言,“九.一八”前“满铁”调查活动主要集中在内蒙古东部地区,即所谓的“东蒙古”①。通过“满铁”调查机构的多年调查,“九.一八”前就形成了大量的关于东蒙古的调查资料。这些调查资料不仅是当时日本的种种侵略活动的直接证据,而且对研究当时的东蒙古社会经济状况有比较重要的参考价值。
Manchurian is a colonial institution set up by the Japanese government in northeast China in the early 20th century. It is ostensibly an ordinary club for profit, but in fact it was Japan’s largest national policy society before the war. In order to expand its aggression, “Manchurian Iron and Steel” was set up as a special investigation department to carry out large-scale social surveys and intelligence gathering activities in northeastern China and Inner Mongolia. For Inner Mongolia, the investigation activities of “Manchurian Railway” before “9.18” are mainly concentrated in the eastern part of Inner Mongolia, the so-called “East Mongolian”. Through years of investigation by the Manchurian Iron and Steel Research Institute, a large amount of survey data on East Mongolia have been formed before the September 18th. These survey data are not only the direct evidence of various Japanese aggression at that time, but also have a more important reference value for studying the social and economic conditions of East Mongolia at that time.