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目的了解常德市中学生常见病现况,为学校制定预防保健和健康教育干预措施提供依据。方法采取分层整群抽样方法,随机抽取3所学校全体学生进行健康体检。结果三学校总患病率间差异有非常显著性意义(χ2=40.46,P<0.01)。其中甲学校中学生肥胖非常显著地高于乙、丙学校(χ2=99.14、79.25,P均<0.01),龋齿亦是甲学校非常显著地高于乙、丙学校(χ2=23.29、24.85,P均<0.01)。沙眼则是乙、丙学校非常显著地高于甲学校(χ2=41.51、54.05,P均<0.01)。视力低下三校间差别有非常显著性统计学意义(χ2=26.14,P<0.01)。营养不良三校间差别则无统计学意义(χ2=0.4981,P>0.05)。年级间总患病率差别有非常显著性意义(χ2=27.20,P<0.01)。其中三年级中学生肥胖非常显著地高于一、二年级(χ2=10.82,P<0.01;χ2=4.98,P<0.05);龋齿一年级与二、三年级比较差别无统计学意义(χ2=0.71、1.04,P>0.01);而沙眼、营养不良三年级间差别也无统计学意义(χ2=1.49、2.38,P均>0.05);视力低下三年级与一、二年级比较差别有非常显著性统计学意义(χ2=55.25、9.55,P均<0.01)。肥胖女生显著高于男生(χ2=13.54,P<0.01);视力低下则女生显著高于男生(χ2=17.27,P<0.01)。结论常德市中学生常见病患病率较高,其中视力低下、肥胖和龋齿是常见病的防治重点,学校和卫生相关部门应开展针对性健康教育,以提高学生的健康水平。
Objective To understand the prevalence of common diseases among middle school students in Changde and to provide evidences for preventive education and health education interventions in schools. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was adopted. All three schools were randomly selected for health examination. Results There was a significant difference in the total prevalence among the three schools (χ2 = 40.46, P <0.01). Among them, the obesity of middle school students in Grade A was significantly higher than that in Grade B and C (χ2 = 99.14, 79.25, P <0.01), and dental caries was also significantly higher in School A than in School B and C (χ2 = 23.29,24.85, P <0.01). Trachoma is B, C school was significantly higher than A school (χ2 = 41.51,54.05, P <0.01). Visual acuity difference between three school has a very significant statistical significance (χ2 = 26.14, P <0.01). Malnutrition three school differences between no significant (χ2 = 0.4981, P> 0.05). There was a significant difference in the total prevalence among the grades (χ2 = 27.20, P <0.01). Among them, the obesity of third grade middle school students was significantly higher than that of first and second grade (χ2 = 10.82, P <0.01; χ2 = 4.98, P <0.05); there was no significant difference between first grade and second grade and third grade , 1.04, P> 0.01). There was also no significant difference between the third grade of trachoma and malnutrition (χ2 = 1.49, 2.38, P> 0.05). There was a significant difference between the third grade and the first and second grades Statistical significance (χ2 = 55.25,9.55, P <0.01). Obese girls were significantly higher than boys (χ2 = 13.54, P <0.01); girls with low vision were significantly higher than boys (χ2 = 17.27, P <0.01). Conclusions The prevalence of common diseases among middle school students in Changde City is high. Among them, vision loss, obesity and dental caries are the focus of prevention and treatment of common diseases. Schools and health-related departments should carry out targeted health education to improve their health.