迁延性细菌性支气管炎(protracted bacterial bronchitis，PBB)是引起儿童慢性咳嗽的主要原因之一。目前研究认为，PBB的发病机制主要与气道持续性细菌感染、气道炎症反应、免疫功能紊乱、气道畸形以及呼吸道微生物群紊乱等因素有关，尤其是气道持续性细菌感染和气道炎症反应。该文对PBB发病机制的研究进展进行综述，以提高广大临床工作者对该病的认识。“,”Protracted bacterial bronchitis(PBB)is one of the main causes of chronic cough in children.At present, the pathogenesis of PBB is mainly related to airway persistent bacterial infection, airway inflammatory response, immune dysfunction, airway deformity and airway microbial population disorder, especially airway persistent bacterial infection and airway inflammatory response.This reviwe summarizes the progress on the pathogenesis of PBB, in order to improve the understanding of clinical workers on PBB.