目的对比研究水下冲击波与空气冲击波对生物内脏的损伤效应,为其防治提供一定的依据。方法用1 000 g TNT分别进行水下和空气中爆炸,压力传感器测定冲击波的物理参数,包括峰值压力、正向持续时间和冲量。取成年杂种犬26只,其中水下爆炸20只,空气中爆炸6只,分别用 1 000 g TNT进行水下和空气中爆炸,观察伤后6 h动物存活情况和病理形态学改变。结果水下冲击波的峰值压力明显高于空气冲击波的峰值压力,尽管正向持续时间比空气冲击波短,但冲量仍明显大于空气冲击波。生物效应的测定结果表明,水下冲击波引起的死亡率高(50％),致死边界远(距爆心 12．5 m),肺和腹腔脏器损伤的发生率高,且伤情严重,而空气冲击波引起的损伤轻微,仅个别动物有轻微肺损伤,未见动物死亡。结论同质量TNT水下和空气中爆炸,水下冲击波的峰值压力和冲量明显高于空气冲击波,对生物的杀伤效应也明显强于空气冲击波,肺和腹腔脏器的损伤是早期救治的重要环节。 Objective To compare the damage effect of underwater shock wave and air shock wave on biological viscera and provide some evidences for its prevention and treatment. Methods 1 000 g TNT was used to explode underwater and in air, respectively. The pressure transducer measured the physical parameters of shock wave, including peak pressure, forward duration and impulse. Twenty-six adult hybrid dogs, including 20 underwater explosions and 6 airborne explosions, were explored underwater and in air using 1 000 g TNT respectively. The survival and pathological changes of the animals at 6 h were observed. As a result, the peak pressure of the underwater shock wave is obviously higher than the peak pressure of the air shock wave. Although the forward duration is shorter than that of the air shock wave, the impulse is still significantly larger than that of the air shock wave. The biological effects of the measurement showed that the mortality caused by underwater shockwaves was high (50%), the lethal border was far (12.5 m away from the blast center), the incidence of lung and abdominal viscera injuries was high and the injury was serious, whereas the air Shock wave caused minor damage, only a few animals have mild lung injury, no animals died. Conclusions Under the same mass of TNT, underwater explosion and air explosion, the peak pressure and impulse of the underwater shock wave are obviously higher than those of the air shock wave. The killing effect on the organism is also obviously stronger than that of the air shock wave. The damage of lung and abdominal organs is an important part of early treatment .