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籽粒硬度是美国小麦（ＴｒｉｔｉｃｕｍａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍＬ．）贸易中关键的籽粒性状之一。本研究旨在鉴定品种、环境、品种×环境互作对籽粒硬度的效应。籽粒硬度由单粒鉴定法测得。此外，对粒重和粒宽也进行了研究。１１个软质冬小麦品种被种于米歇根州的１９种环境下，设有重复。品种×环境互作对粒重、粒宽和硬度都有显著效应（Ｐ＜０．０１）。品种间和环境籽粒硬度的变异都较大，而且呈现连续变异。Ｈｕｈｎ的非参数稳定性统计值表明品种的排序稳定性无差异，品种×环境互作效应的主成份分析表明，相近的品种，试验点或试验年份间没有一致的表现模式。只有粒重与粒宽间的相关性大而显著（ｒ＝０．８９）。这些资料表明，一种测试环境或多个环境下的一份合成样品就足以给品种和籽粒硬度进行排序了。既使品种的特性是已知的，较大的环境效应也会使籽粒硬度的预测很困难。
Kernel hardness is one of the key grain traits in the trade of Triticum aestivum L. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of variety, environment, variety × environmental interaction on grain hardness. Grain hardness was determined by single grain identification method. In addition, grain weight and grain width were also studied. Eleven soft winter wheat varieties were planted in 19 environments in the state of Mich. And were duplicated. Variety × environment interaction had significant effect on grain weight, grain width and hardness (P <0.01). Variation of grain hardness between cultivars and environments were larger and showed continuous variation. Huhn’s nonparametric stability statistics show that there is no difference in the sorting stability of the cultivars. The principal component analysis of the interaction effects of the varieties × environments shows that there is no consistent pattern of performance among similar varieties, test points or test years. Only the correlation between grain weight and grain width was significant (r = 0.89). These data show that a composite sample in one test environment or multiple environments is sufficient to rank varieties and grain hardness. Even if the trait is known, larger environmental effects can make predicting grain hardness difficult.