论文部分内容阅读
英语语言中时态和体都与时间有关。时间的表达是通过两个层次实现的:一是词汇层次,二是语法层次。体可以通过两种方式实现,而时态只能通过第二种形式实现。形式语义学中,充分描述自然语言中的时间是正确形式化自然语言的前提。话语中的时间可以通过分析三个时间段的关系得到澄清。时态表现为话语时间和话题时间的关系,体则表现为话题时间和境况时间的关系。时态与体共现时,话语的形式化就要描述三个时段的关系,同时还要描述实现状况相对于两个时间段的关系。话语的意义也就是形式化后的公式相对于扩充的时态逻辑模型的真值。
Tense and body in the English language are related to time. Time expression is achieved through two levels: one is the vocabulary level, the second is the grammatical level. Body can be achieved in two ways, and the tense can only be achieved through the second form. In formal semantics, a sufficient description of the time in natural language is a prerequisite for formalizing a natural language. Discourse time can be clarified by analyzing the relationship between the three time periods. Tense performance of the discourse time and the topic of time, the body performance of the topic time and the relationship between the situation and time. When tense and body are present, the formalization of discourse will describe the relationship between the three periods, and at the same time describe the relationship between the actual situation and the two time periods. The meaning of discourse is also the true value of the formalized formula relative to the extended temporal logic model.