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近年来,沿海地区海洋经济发展步伐加快,随着近海资源的匮乏与经济结构的加速调整,渔业结构性失业问题日益凸显,失海渔民的规模逐渐扩大,成为新的弱势群体。本文立足于威海地区渔业发展现状,以保障失海渔民的根本利益为出发点,对当地渔民、政府、涉海企业展开调研,并对涉海企业现状和当前政策实施情况,以及失海渔民基本情况进行实证分析,揭示失海的必然性和化解“阵痛”的必要性以及借“海”的可行性。基于就业理论和共生理论,结合实地调研数据,最终尝试性地提出了“政府引导—企业主导”型、“政府主导—多方参与”型两种促进失海渔民再就业的方案。
In recent years, the pace of marine economic development in the coastal areas has accelerated. With the shortage of offshore resources and the accelerated adjustment of economic structure, the problem of structural unemployment in fisheries has become increasingly prominent. The scale of fishermen losing seas has gradually expanded and become the newly disadvantaged groups. Based on the present situation of fishery development in Weihai, this paper starts with the investigation of the local fishermen, the government and the sea-related enterprises in order to protect the fundamental interests of the fishermen who have lost the sea. Conduct empirical analysis to reveal the inevitability of losing the sea and the necessity of resolving the “stomachache” and the feasibility of borrowing “sea”. Based on the employment theory and symbiosis theory, combined with field research data, the paper tries to put forward two schemes to promote the re-employment of sea-lost fishermen: “government-led, business-led,” “government-led, multi-party participation.”