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在英语学习与备考过程中,同学们经常遇到状语从句的省略现象,它是重难点也是考点。如果突破考点,掌握技巧,可以在做题过程中提高准确率,在写作时,会使整篇文章显得语言简洁,条理清楚。下面具体归纳总结各种状语从句的省略现象。
【考点来源】
1. but there are other times when giving first aid quickly can save lives. 但也有其它的时候,如果给予及时的急救便可以挽救生命。
2. Removing clothes using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. 除非衣服粘在烧伤面上,否则都要把衣服脱掉,如果需要的话可以使用剪刀。
3. If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible. 如果烧伤的部位在臀部或腿部,要尽可能把手臂或腿抬起到高于心脏的位置。
一、时间状语从句的省略形式
【试题精选】 Don’t speak until .
A. speak B. spoke
C. being spoken D. spoken to
解析 原句可改为: Don’t speak until you are spoken to.前后主语一致,故选D。
★点拨聚焦
1. 以after和before引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致,可用after 和before与从句谓语动词的动名词(短语)形式构成介词短语作状语。如:
After he finished his work, he went home for lunch.→After finishing his work, he went home for lunch. 完成工作之后,他就回家吃午饭了。
2. 以as soon as引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致,可用on + V-ing形式,此时的动词为非延续性动词。如:
Dr. Brown began to operate on the wounded soldiers as soon as he arrived at the village.→Dr. Brown began to operate on the wounded soldiers on arriving at the village. 布朗先生一到那个村子,就开始为受伤的士兵做手术。
3. 以when,while,as,until引导的时间状语从句如果从句主语和主句主语一致时,可省略简化状语从句,表示谓语动作发生在该状语动作的进行过程中。如:
While(I was) in Beijing,I paid a visit to the Summer Palace. 我在北京的时候去参观了颐和园。
As (he was)a young man, Abraham Lincoln was a storekeeper and a postmaster. 林肯年轻的时候是一个小商店零售商和邮递员。
He often makes mistakes when speaking English. 他说英语时常犯错。
When he turned on the radio, he found it broken. →When turning on the radio, he found it broken. 一打开收音机,他就发现它坏了。
二、条件状语从句的省略形式
【试题精选】 1. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if regularly, can improve our health.
A.being carried out B.carrying out
C.carried out D.to carry out
解析 本句的主语是the experiment;谓语动词是shows;that引导宾语从句,宾语从句的主干proper amounts of exercise can improve our health, if regularly是插入的条件从句,从句的主语是proper amounts of exercise,此时应用it代替前面提到的主语,条件句的主语与主句的主语一致,并且含有is,故省略了it is,完整形式是:if it is carried out。句意为:这项实验表明,如果有规律的进行适当的运动,能够有助于我们的身体健康。故选C。
2. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, accompanied by an adult.
A. once B. when
C. if D. unless
解析 本题考查省略的状语从句的连接词。句意应为“学校规章规定:除非有成年人陪同,否则孩子们在校期间不能出学校。”表示“除非”用unless。该句式构成了“连词+过去分词”结构。故选D。
★点拨聚焦
以if 引导的条件状语从句常见省略形式归纳:
Come tomorrow if possible. 如果可能的话明天过来。 He has no money, if any, he will give us. 他没有钱,如果有的话他会给我们的。
If in need, don’t hesitate to ask me for money.如果有需要的话,不要犹豫,过来找我拿钱。
★易错点
Should I meet her ( If I should meet her), I would tell her about it. 如果见到她,我会告诉她的。
虚拟条件句中if 省略必须符合下列条件:
必须是非真实条件句(虚拟语气),真实条件句不能省略If。
只有当非真实条件句中含有were,had,should时,才可省略if。
省略if 时,主语与were,had,should位置调换,用倒装形式。
三、方式状语从句的简缩形式
1. as,as if (though)引导的方式状语从句可以省略从句中的主谓成分。如:
She stood at the gate as if (she was) waiting for someone. 她站在门口就好像在等谁一样。
The inspector looked around, as if (he was) in search of something. 这位检查员四处张望,好像在寻找什么。
Some flowers shut up at night as if they did this in order to sleep. →Some flowers shut up at night as if to sleep. 有些花夜间收拢,好像为了睡眠一样。
四、让步状语从句的省略形式
【试题精选】 small, the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.
A. As B. If
C. Although D. Once
解析 考查连词。上下文具有让步关系。句意:这个公司虽然小,但是它在30多个国家有1000多个采购商。此处状语从句连词后省略了句子的主语和be动词,即although (it is) small ...。故选C。
★点拨聚焦
1. 在让步状语从句中,可以通过省略从句中主语和谓语对让步状语从句加以简化。如:
Though it was cold, he still wore a shirt. →Though cold, he still wore a shirt. 尽管天很冷,他仍穿一件衬衫。
The man, while (he is ) well over eighty, can walk faster than I. 这人虽然年过八十,却走得比我还快。
2. 让步状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时,可简化为分词短语作状语;不一致时,常简化为with 或in spite of 介词短语作状语。如:
Although he faced his death, he didn’t say anything before the enemy. →Facing the death, he didn’t say anything before the enemy. 在敌人面前,即使面对死亡他也没有说。
Although there was danger, he rushed out to carry the boy to safety. →In spite of danger, he rushed out to carry the boy to safety. 尽管有危险,他还是冲出去把孩子带到了安全的地方。
五、其它状语从句的省略简化形式
1. 原因状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时,可简化为分词短语作状语。如:
Since I didn’t know Chinese, I tried to speak to her in English. →Not knowing Chinese, I tried to speak to her in English. 由于我不懂汉语,我就尽力用英语跟她交谈。
2.在时间、原因、条件等状语从句中,若从句和主句主语一致时,可简化为分词复合结构作状语。有时也简化为“with/without名词或代词+分词(短语)”形式作状语。例如:
If all the work is done, you can have a rest. →With all the work done, you can have a rest. 如果所有的工作都完成了,你可以休息一下。
Nothing can live if there is no air. →Nothing can live without air. 要是没有空气,没有什么可以生存。
★重难点突破
状语从句省略现象必须同时具备两个条件:
(1)主句和从句的主语一致或者从句为It。
(2)从句谓语动词含有be动词形式。此时可同时省略从句中的主语和be动词。
★易错点
从句中动词形式的选择是做题的关键和易错点,可以根据语境,正确判断用主动或被动形式。
【试题精选】
Film has a much shorter history, especially when such art forms as music and painting.
A. having compared to B. comparing to
C. compare to D. compared to
解析 非谓语动词结合省略句的综合考查,由if或者though引导的,原句应该是when it is compared to such art forms. 所以把主谓省略后就变成了compared to。故选D。
一、完成下列句子
1. Water can be changed in vapor ,.
水被加热时,会变成水蒸汽。
2. , he always asked me for help.
当他陷入困境时,他总是求助于我。
3. , the crops would have died.
要不是当时下了雨,庄稼就死了。
4. , met a friend of mine.
当我在北京时,见到了一位朋友。
5. He turned around .
他转过身好像在寻找什么东西。
1. when (it is)heated
2. When (he was) in trouble
3. Had it not been for the rain (If it had not been for the rain )
4. While (I was) in Beijing
5. as if (he was) to look for something
【考点来源】
1. but there are other times when giving first aid quickly can save lives. 但也有其它的时候,如果给予及时的急救便可以挽救生命。
2. Removing clothes using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. 除非衣服粘在烧伤面上,否则都要把衣服脱掉,如果需要的话可以使用剪刀。
3. If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible. 如果烧伤的部位在臀部或腿部,要尽可能把手臂或腿抬起到高于心脏的位置。
一、时间状语从句的省略形式
【试题精选】 Don’t speak until .
A. speak B. spoke
C. being spoken D. spoken to
解析 原句可改为: Don’t speak until you are spoken to.前后主语一致,故选D。
★点拨聚焦
1. 以after和before引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致,可用after 和before与从句谓语动词的动名词(短语)形式构成介词短语作状语。如:
After he finished his work, he went home for lunch.→After finishing his work, he went home for lunch. 完成工作之后,他就回家吃午饭了。
2. 以as soon as引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致,可用on + V-ing形式,此时的动词为非延续性动词。如:
Dr. Brown began to operate on the wounded soldiers as soon as he arrived at the village.→Dr. Brown began to operate on the wounded soldiers on arriving at the village. 布朗先生一到那个村子,就开始为受伤的士兵做手术。
3. 以when,while,as,until引导的时间状语从句如果从句主语和主句主语一致时,可省略简化状语从句,表示谓语动作发生在该状语动作的进行过程中。如:
While(I was) in Beijing,I paid a visit to the Summer Palace. 我在北京的时候去参观了颐和园。
As (he was)a young man, Abraham Lincoln was a storekeeper and a postmaster. 林肯年轻的时候是一个小商店零售商和邮递员。
He often makes mistakes when speaking English. 他说英语时常犯错。
When he turned on the radio, he found it broken. →When turning on the radio, he found it broken. 一打开收音机,他就发现它坏了。
二、条件状语从句的省略形式
【试题精选】 1. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if regularly, can improve our health.
A.being carried out B.carrying out
C.carried out D.to carry out
解析 本句的主语是the experiment;谓语动词是shows;that引导宾语从句,宾语从句的主干proper amounts of exercise can improve our health, if regularly是插入的条件从句,从句的主语是proper amounts of exercise,此时应用it代替前面提到的主语,条件句的主语与主句的主语一致,并且含有is,故省略了it is,完整形式是:if it is carried out。句意为:这项实验表明,如果有规律的进行适当的运动,能够有助于我们的身体健康。故选C。
2. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, accompanied by an adult.
A. once B. when
C. if D. unless
解析 本题考查省略的状语从句的连接词。句意应为“学校规章规定:除非有成年人陪同,否则孩子们在校期间不能出学校。”表示“除非”用unless。该句式构成了“连词+过去分词”结构。故选D。
★点拨聚焦
以if 引导的条件状语从句常见省略形式归纳:
Come tomorrow if possible. 如果可能的话明天过来。 He has no money, if any, he will give us. 他没有钱,如果有的话他会给我们的。
If in need, don’t hesitate to ask me for money.如果有需要的话,不要犹豫,过来找我拿钱。
★易错点
Should I meet her ( If I should meet her), I would tell her about it. 如果见到她,我会告诉她的。
虚拟条件句中if 省略必须符合下列条件:
必须是非真实条件句(虚拟语气),真实条件句不能省略If。
只有当非真实条件句中含有were,had,should时,才可省略if。
省略if 时,主语与were,had,should位置调换,用倒装形式。
三、方式状语从句的简缩形式
1. as,as if (though)引导的方式状语从句可以省略从句中的主谓成分。如:
She stood at the gate as if (she was) waiting for someone. 她站在门口就好像在等谁一样。
The inspector looked around, as if (he was) in search of something. 这位检查员四处张望,好像在寻找什么。
Some flowers shut up at night as if they did this in order to sleep. →Some flowers shut up at night as if to sleep. 有些花夜间收拢,好像为了睡眠一样。
四、让步状语从句的省略形式
【试题精选】 small, the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.
A. As B. If
C. Although D. Once
解析 考查连词。上下文具有让步关系。句意:这个公司虽然小,但是它在30多个国家有1000多个采购商。此处状语从句连词后省略了句子的主语和be动词,即although (it is) small ...。故选C。
★点拨聚焦
1. 在让步状语从句中,可以通过省略从句中主语和谓语对让步状语从句加以简化。如:
Though it was cold, he still wore a shirt. →Though cold, he still wore a shirt. 尽管天很冷,他仍穿一件衬衫。
The man, while (he is ) well over eighty, can walk faster than I. 这人虽然年过八十,却走得比我还快。
2. 让步状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时,可简化为分词短语作状语;不一致时,常简化为with 或in spite of 介词短语作状语。如:
Although he faced his death, he didn’t say anything before the enemy. →Facing the death, he didn’t say anything before the enemy. 在敌人面前,即使面对死亡他也没有说。
Although there was danger, he rushed out to carry the boy to safety. →In spite of danger, he rushed out to carry the boy to safety. 尽管有危险,他还是冲出去把孩子带到了安全的地方。
五、其它状语从句的省略简化形式
1. 原因状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时,可简化为分词短语作状语。如:
Since I didn’t know Chinese, I tried to speak to her in English. →Not knowing Chinese, I tried to speak to her in English. 由于我不懂汉语,我就尽力用英语跟她交谈。
2.在时间、原因、条件等状语从句中,若从句和主句主语一致时,可简化为分词复合结构作状语。有时也简化为“with/without名词或代词+分词(短语)”形式作状语。例如:
If all the work is done, you can have a rest. →With all the work done, you can have a rest. 如果所有的工作都完成了,你可以休息一下。
Nothing can live if there is no air. →Nothing can live without air. 要是没有空气,没有什么可以生存。
★重难点突破
状语从句省略现象必须同时具备两个条件:
(1)主句和从句的主语一致或者从句为It。
(2)从句谓语动词含有be动词形式。此时可同时省略从句中的主语和be动词。
★易错点
从句中动词形式的选择是做题的关键和易错点,可以根据语境,正确判断用主动或被动形式。
【试题精选】
Film has a much shorter history, especially when such art forms as music and painting.
A. having compared to B. comparing to
C. compare to D. compared to
解析 非谓语动词结合省略句的综合考查,由if或者though引导的,原句应该是when it is compared to such art forms. 所以把主谓省略后就变成了compared to。故选D。
一、完成下列句子
1. Water can be changed in vapor ,.
水被加热时,会变成水蒸汽。
2. , he always asked me for help.
当他陷入困境时,他总是求助于我。
3. , the crops would have died.
要不是当时下了雨,庄稼就死了。
4. , met a friend of mine.
当我在北京时,见到了一位朋友。
5. He turned around .
他转过身好像在寻找什么东西。
1. when (it is)heated
2. When (he was) in trouble
3. Had it not been for the rain (If it had not been for the rain )
4. While (I was) in Beijing
5. as if (he was) to look for something