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目的探讨发生早产的因素及营养疗法在降低早产儿死亡率方面的作用。方法2005~2006年我院分娩总数5470人,其中早产218例(4.2%),对218例早产的发病原因进行统计。对其中的38例28~34周的早产随机分成两组,对照组19例单纯应用促胎肺成熟、预防感染、抑制宫缩。观察组19例在原基础上加用10%葡萄糖500 ml,复合维生素0.5 g,脂肪乳500 ml,对照观察新生儿出生1 min Apgar评分。统计方法用Foxbase数据库,应用Spss软件进行χ2检验。结果早产的发病原因占首要地位的是胎膜早破83例,占38.2%;其次为妊高征64例,占26.7%;胎位不正21例,占9.7%。对照组19例新生儿1 min Apgar评分〈4分5例,观察组新生儿1 min Apgar评分〈4分2例,两组比较,具有显著性意义(χ2=5.5,P〈0.05)。结论早产的发病原因中胎膜早破居首位,其次为妊高征。对于34周后的胎膜早破,短期内未临产应予引产。治疗早产时除预防感染、促胎肺成熟、抑制宫缩外,加用营养疗法。
Objective To investigate the factors of premature delivery and the role of nutrition therapy in reducing the mortality of premature infants. Methods From 2005 to 2006, the total number of deliveries in our hospital was 5470, of which 218 cases were premature (4.2%). The incidence of 218 preterm births were calculated. Of 38 cases of 28 to 34 weeks of preterm birth were randomly divided into two groups, the control group of 19 cases of simple application to promote fetal lung maturity, prevent infection, inhibit contractions. In the observation group, 19 cases were treated with 500 ml of 10% glucose, 0.5 g of vitamins and 500 ml of fat emulsion on the basis of the original observation. The Apgar score of 1 year after birth was observed. Statistical Methods Foxbase database, application of Spss software for χ2 test. Results The incidence of premature birth accounted for the primary status of premature rupture of membranes in 83 cases, accounting for 38.2%; followed by pregnancy induced hypertension in 64 cases, accounting for 26.7%; fetal malposition in 21 cases, accounting for 9.7%. In the control group, 19 newborns had Apgar score of <4 in 1 minute and 5 cases in the control group. Apgar score <4 points in 1 minute of observation group had no significant difference (P <0.05). Conclusion Premature rupture of membranes in the cause of premature birth ranks first, followed by pregnancy-induced hypertension. For 34 weeks after premature rupture of membranes, short-term non-labor should be induced. In addition to preventing preterm treatment of infection, promote fetal lung maturity, inhibition of contractions, plus nutrition therapy.