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目的了解北京市房山区育龄妇女的死亡情况,分析其主要死亡原因,为有针对性地提出相应的干预和防治措施提供依据。方法对房山区2003-2013年15~49岁户籍人口育龄妇女死亡资料进行流行病学分析,分析死亡率的变化趋势和主要死亡原因。结果房山区2003-2013年育龄妇女平均死亡率为65.64/10万,标化死亡率为63.20/10万,死亡率随年龄增长逐渐增加。育龄妇女以肿瘤、意外伤害、心脏病和脑血管疾病为主要死亡原因,占总死亡数的80.93%。不同年龄段死亡率情况:15~29岁组和35~39岁组首位死因为意外伤害;30~34和40~44岁组首位死因为肿瘤;45~49岁组首位死因为心脑血管病。结论针对30岁以下的小年龄组,预防意外伤害是主要干预措施,尤其是对交通事故、自杀和煤气中毒等意外进行干预。对30岁以上的大年龄组妇女,预防控制肿瘤和心脑血管病等慢性病成为降低该年龄组死亡率的主要措施。
Objective To understand the death of women of childbearing age in Fangshan District of Beijing and analyze the main causes of death, so as to provide the basis for pertinently putting forward the corresponding intervention and prevention measures. Methods The epidemiological data of death of women of childbearing age from 15 to 49 years old in Fangshan District from 2003 to 2013 were analyzed, and the trend of mortality and the main causes of death were analyzed. Results The average death rate of women of childbearing age in Fangshan District from 2003 to 2013 was 65.64 / 100000, the standardization mortality rate was 63.20 / 100000, the mortality rate increased with age. Women of childbearing age with cancer, accidental injury, heart disease and cerebrovascular disease as the main cause of death, accounting for 80.93% of the total number of deaths. Mortality rates at different age groups: The first cause of death in the age group of 15-29 and the age group of 35-39 was accidental injury; the first cause of death was in the group of 30-34 and 40-44 years old; the first cause of death in the 45-49 age group was cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease . Conclusions Preventing accidental injuries is a major intervention for the younger age group of under 30, especially for accidents such as accidents, suicides and gas poisoning. For women over the age of 30 in large groups, prevention and control of chronic diseases such as oncology and cardiovascular diseases are the main measures to reduce the mortality in this age group.