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选取国家气候中心监测业务中代表区域海温变率的25项海温指数,利用聚类分析法,对1951—2014年冬季的海温指数进行系统聚类,研究全球海温(除北冰洋外)变率的主要类型。通过分析区域海温之间的关联性,将全球海温指数分为了四类,结合四类指数指示海区空间分布和时间演化特征,提出了四类具有不同演变特征的冬季海温分布特征类型:ENSO区海温异常东部型(Ⅰ类)、ENSO区海温异常中部型(Ⅱ类)、西太暖池与北大西洋海温年代际变化型(Ⅲ类)及赤道信风洋流与西边界流作用下的海温异常扩散分布型(Ⅳ类)。Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类指数均表现出明显的年际变化特征,而Ⅲ类指数表现出明显的年代际变化特征。并根据聚类结果对各个类别的指数进行了综合,将全球海温变率合并为较少的自由度,为进一步研究全球海温演变以及多海区海温异常的协同作用对气候变率的影响打下基础。
Twenty-five sea temperature indices for the sea surface temperature variability in the monitoring area of the national climatic center are selected. By using cluster analysis method, the SST indices of the 1951-2014 winter are systematically clustered to study the effects of the global SST (except the Arctic Ocean) The main type of variability. By analyzing the correlation between the regional SSTs, the global SSTs are divided into four categories. Combined with the four types of indices indicating the spatial distribution and temporal evolution characteristics of the sea areas, four types of winter SST distributions with different evolutionary characteristics are proposed: ENSO SST anomaly eastern type (Ⅰ), ENSO anomalous SSTA (Ⅱ), the SSTA and the North Atlantic SST anomalous (Ⅲ) and the equatorial ocean currents and the western boundary currents Under the action of the abnormal distribution of SST anomalies (Ⅳ). The type I and type II indices all showed obvious interannual variability, while the type III index showed obvious interdecadal variation. Based on the clustering results, the indices of each category are integrated to merge the global SST variability into fewer degrees of freedom. In order to further study the effects of synergistic effects of global SST variations and multi-SST anomalies on climate variability lay the foundation.