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慢性阻塞性肺疾病(慢阻肺)合并肺结核日益常见，二病并存及相互影响给疾病的控制带来难度。吸烟、生物燃料的暴露、维生素D缺乏及糖尿病可能是两种疾病的共同危险因素，可针对上述危险因素设计互补的预防和控制策略。本文将从肺结核是慢阻肺的危险因素、慢阻肺合并肺结核、肺结核与慢阻肺的预防策略展开综述。“,”Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is becoming more and more common. The coexistence of two diseases brings difficulty to the control of the disease. Smoking, biofuel exposure, vitamin D deficiency and diabetes may be common risk factors for both diseases. Complementary prevention and control strategies can be designed for the above risk factors. This article contains review with tuberculosis as a risk factor for COPD, COPD combined with tuberculosis, and the prevention strategies for both diseases.