鲜猪皮不管是为了保存,还是为了立刻制革,都应当尽量用刀刮去皮上的油脂,然後再进行盐腌或脱毛,这是人所共知的。为了使猪皮中所含油脂能够除尽,在制革过程中不发生困难,我们除了强调机器力的刮挤以外,还想说明一下皮中油脂在脱毛及浸灰时,皂化和乳化的情形。皮中的油脂,在浸灰时只有甘油三酸酯可以皂化,还有胆醇油脂也可以小量的被乳化。在利用石灰液脱毛时,不但猪毛和猪鬃会因为石灰的浸蚀而降低其品质,即使专门去脂,也是不能完全达到目的的。因为油脂和石灰生成钙皂以后,不能溶解在水中,一部分钙皂在皮表面生成的,可以沉淀或悬浮於石灰液中,而在皮中生成的钙皂,却大量地被保 Whether it is for preservation or for immediate tanning, fresh pigskin should be scraped with a knife to remove grease from the skin, and then salted or depilated. This is well known. In order to dilute the fat contained in the pig skin, no difficulties occur in the leather making process. In addition to the emphasis on the scraping of the machine force, we also want to explain the case of saponification and emulsification of the oil in the hide during hair removal and liming. . The grease in the skin, only triglyceride can be saponified during the liming, and the cholesterol and fat can also be emulsified in small amounts. In the use of lime liquid hair removal, not only the pig’s hair and pig bristles will be reduced due to lime erosion and its quality, even if specifically to fat, can not fully achieve its purpose. Because oil and lime produce calcium soap, it cannot be dissolved in water. A part of calcium soap is generated on the surface of the skin and can be precipitated or suspended in lime water. The calcium soap produced in the skin is largely protected.