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近年来的研究发现，T细胞表面相关免疫检查点如程序性细胞死亡蛋白1(programmed cell death protein 1，PD-1)、细胞毒性T淋巴细胞抗原-4(cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4，CTLA-4)等在肿瘤免疫抑制和逃逸过程中发挥重要作用，而应用相关免疫检查点抑制剂可明显恢复T细胞的抗肿瘤功能。与T细胞相似，肿瘤细胞也可通过诱导自然杀伤细胞(natural killer cells，NK cells)细胞表面抑制性受体的表达或者过表达与之对应的配体，抑制NK细胞的抗肿瘤作用。因此，深入研究NK细胞相关免疫检查点在肿瘤发生发展中的作用及机制，将为肿瘤免疫治疗提供重要方向。“,”Recent studies have found that T cell surface related immune checkpoints, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), play an important role in tumor immune suppression and escape.The anti-tumor function of T cells could be restored by using the related immune checkpoint inhibitors.Similar to T cells, tumor cells can also inhibit the anti-tumor effect of natural killer (NK) cells by inducing the expression of inhibitory receptors on the surface of NK cells or over-expression of the corresponding ligands.Therefore, an in-depth study of the role and mechanism of NK cell-related immune checkpoints in tumor development will provide an important direction for tumor immunotherapy.