日本的“下包制”(台湾直译为“下请制”)是不同规模企业间专业化分工普遍采用的组织形式,大企业通过对外订货的方式将其产品生产或销售的部分甚至全部工作分包给较小的企业。下包制不仅对日本的经济增长和产业结构高度化起了重要的推动作用,也是企业组织形式向企业集团演进的起点。广为人知的丰田汽车公司就是利用下包制的一个比较典型的企业,它约 Japan’s “underlying system” (Taiwan’s literally translated as “subsidiary”) is a commonly adopted form of organization for the division of labor among companies of different scales. Large companies use the external orders to distribute part or all of their products’ production or sales. For smaller companies. The subcontracting system not only plays an important role in promoting Japan’s economic growth and the heightened industrial structure, but also is the starting point for the evolution of corporate organizational forms to enterprise groups. The well-known Toyota Motor Corporation is a relatively typical enterprise that uses the subcontracting system.