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本文从传记批评的角度解读《威廉·威尔逊》,认为威廉·威尔逊其实就是爱伦.坡本人的化身。威尔逊的性格,为人处世以及个人经历和坡有着不少的相似之处。威廉.威尔逊这一形象的塑造是坡对自己的人生更是对人性思索的结果。在最终的本能冲动与道德约束的斗争中,本能冲动占了上风,成为人格中的主宰力量,由此可以看出爱伦.坡对人性现状的悲观失望以及他的悲观主义的世界观。总之,在传记批评的视野下解读爱伦.坡的《威廉.威尔逊》,我们可以借助作者的经历更深入地去理解作品,同时也可以反过来在对作品新理解的基础上对爱伦.坡本人产生新的更丰富深刻的认识。
This article interprets “William Wilson” from the perspective of biographical criticism and considers William Wilson to be the incarnation of Allan Poe himself. Wilson’s character, man’s life and personal experience and slope have many similarities. The shaping of this image of William Wilson is the result of his contemplation on human nature. In the final struggle between instinct impulses and moral restraint, instinct impulses prevailed and became the dominant force in personality. From this we can see that Ellen Poe’s pessimistic disappointment over the human nature and his pessimistic world outlook. In any case, to interpret Ellen Poe’s William Wilson from the perspective of biographical criticism, we can use the author’s experience to understand the work in more depth and at the same time to analyze Allan on the basis of a new understanding of the work. I personally create a new richer and deeper understanding.